Cholera is a highly infectious and potentially life-threatening bacterial disease that affects millions of people worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there were over 1.3 million reported cases of cholera in 2019, resulting in 21,000 deaths. In Nigeria, cholera outbreaks are a recurring problem, with the country accounting for a significant proportion of cholera cases in Africa. In 2018, Nigeria experienced a devastating cholera outbreak that affected over 42,000 people and claimed 836 lives.
In Africa, cholera is a major public health concern, with the continent accounting for the majority of global cholera cases. According to the WHO, Africa reported over 500,000 cholera cases in 2019, resulting in over 10,000 deaths. The table below highlights the cholera situation in Nigeria and Africa:
| Year | Nigeria | Africa |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 42,000 cases, 836 deaths | 540,000 cases, 12,000 deaths |
| 2019 | 20,000 cases, 400 deaths | 510,000 cases, 10,000 deaths |
Tip 1: Practice Good Hygiene
Tip 1: Practice Good HygieneGood hygiene is essential to preventing the spread of cholera. During an outbreak, it is crucial to practice good hygiene to reduce the risk of infection. Wash your hands frequently with soap and water, especially after using the toilet, before eating, and after handling food. Ensure that you wash your hands for at least 20 seconds, paying attention to the backs of your hands, between your fingers, and under your nails.
In addition to handwashing, ensure that you clean and disinfect surfaces and objects that may be contaminated with the cholera bacterium. This includes doorknobs, light switches, countertops, and utensils. Use a solution of bleach and water to disinfect surfaces, and wash utensils with soap and hot water.
Tip 2: Drink Safe Water
Drinking safe water is critical to preventing cholera. During an outbreak, ensure that you drink water that has been properly treated and disinfected. Boil water for at least 1 minute before drinking it, or use a water filter that has a porosity of 0.2 microns or smaller. Avoid drinking water from wells, rivers, or streams that may be contaminated with the cholera bacterium.
In addition to drinking safe water, ensure that you store water safely. Use clean containers to store water, and keep them covered to prevent contamination. Avoid storing water in containers that may be contaminated with the cholera bacterium.
Tip 3: Avoid Contaminated Food
Contaminated food is a common source of cholera outbreaks. During an outbreak, avoid eating food that may be contaminated with the cholera bacterium. Avoid eating raw or undercooked seafood, especially in areas where cholera is common. Avoid eating food from street vendors, and ensure that you cook food thoroughly before eating it.
In addition to avoiding contaminated food, ensure that you handle food safely. Wash your hands before and after handling food, and avoid cross-contaminating food with utensils and surfaces that may be contaminated.
Tip 4: Get Vaccinated
Cholera vaccination is a safe and effective way to prevent cholera. During an outbreak, get vaccinated to reduce your risk of infection. The cholera vaccine is available in two forms: oral and injectable. The oral vaccine is the most commonly used, and it provides protection against cholera for several years.
In addition to getting vaccinated, ensure that you complete the full vaccination series to ensure optimal protection. The cholera vaccine is recommended for people who live in areas where cholera is common, as well as for travelers who plan to visit areas where cholera is prevalent.
Tip 5: Seek Medical Attention Immediately
If you suspect that you have cholera, seek medical attention immediately. Cholera can cause severe dehydration and even death if left untreated. Seek medical attention if you experience symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, or abdominal cramps.
In addition to seeking medical attention, ensure that you receive prompt treatment. Cholera treatment typically involves administering intravenous fluids and antibiotics to replace lost fluids and electrolytes. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to provide close monitoring and treatment.
Notable other tips:
- Proper waste disposal: Ensure that you dispose of human waste safely to prevent contamination of water sources.
- Avoid close contact: Avoid close contact with people who have cholera to prevent transmission.
